Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases in our population. As for the type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is an autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, so that there is an increase in blood glucose levels generating typical symptoms and complications of the disease. The treatment of this is based on the administration of exogenous insulin, which must be accompanied by a varied and balanced diet with the correct physical exercise. The literature review is based on several books and scientific articles about clinical studies that show the importance of these two factors, as well as the best techniques for insulin administration and the possible prevention of disease.